Corresponding Author: Albert L. Siu, MD, MSPH (albert.siu@mssm.edu).
Authors/US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) members
include the following individuals: Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD,
MAS; David C. Grossman, MD, MPH; Linda Ciofu Baumann, PhD, RN, APRN;
Karina W. Davidson, PhD, MASc; Mark Ebell, MD, MS; Francisco A. R.
García, MD, MPH; Matthew Gillman, MD, SM; Jessica Herzstein, MD, MPH;
Alex R. Kemper, MD, MPH, MS; Alex H. Krist, MD, MPH; Ann E. Kurth, PhD,
RN, MSN, MPH; Douglas K. Owens, MD, MS; William R. Phillips, MD, MPH;
Maureen G. Phipps, MD, MPH; Michael P. Pignone, MD, MPH.
Affiliations of Authors/US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) members: University
of California, San Francisco (Bibbins-Domingo); Group Health Research
Institute, Seattle, Washington (Grossman); University of Wisconsin,
Madison (Baumann); Columbia University, New York, New York (Davidson);
University of Georgia, Athens (Ebell); Pima County Department of Health,
Tucson, Arizona (García); Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim
Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Gillman); Independent
consultant, Washington, DC (Herzstein); Duke University, Durham, North
Carolina (Kemper); Fairfax Family Practice, Fairfax, Virginia (Krist);
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (Krist); New York University,
New York (Kurth); Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo
Alto, California (Owens); Stanford University, Stanford, California
(Owens); University of Washington, Seattle (Phillips); Brown University,
Providence, Rhode Island (Phipps); University of North Carolina, Chapel
Hill (Pignone).
Author Contributions:
Dr Siu had full access to all of the data in the study and takes
responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the
data analysis.
Study concept and design: Siu, Grossman, Davidson, Ebell, Garcia, Owens, Phillips, Pignone.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Siu, Bibbins-Domingo, Baumann, Gillman, Herzstein, Kemper, Krist, Kurth, Phillips, Phipps, Pignone.
Drafting of the manuscript: Siu, Davidson, Ebell, Herzstein, Phillips.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Siu, Bibbins-Domingo, Grossman, Baumann, Garcia, Gillman, Kemper, Krist, Kurth, Owens, Phillips, Phipps, Pignone.
Statistical analysis: Phillips.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Siu, Grossman, Davidson, Kurth, Phillips.
Study supervision: Siu, Garcia, Krist, Owens, Phillips.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures:
All authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure
of Potential Conflicts of Interest and none were reported. Authors
followed the policy regarding conflicts of interest described at http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Name/conflict-of-interest-disclosures.
Funding/Support:
The USPSTF is an independent, voluntary body. The US Congress mandates
that the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) support the
operations of the USPSTF.
Role of the Funder/Sponsor:
AHRQ staff assisted in the following: development and review of the
research plan, commission of the systematic evidence review from an
Evidence-based Practice Center, coordination of expert review and public
comment of the draft evidence report and draft recommendation
statement, and the writing and preparation of the final recommendation
statement and its submission for publication. AHRQ staff had no role in
the approval of the final recommendation statement or the decision to
submit for publication.
Disclaimer:
Recommendations made by the USPSTF are independent of the US government.
They should not be construed as an official position of the AHRQ or the
US Department of Health and Human Services.
Additional Contributions:
We thank Elisabeth Kato, MD, MRP, of AHRQ, who contributed to the
writing of the manuscript, and Lisa Nicolella, MA, of AHRQ, who assisted
with coordination and editing.